光纤布拉格光栅传感器采用波长变化反映被测量大小，因此提高光纤光栅的波长解调精度具有重要意义。传统解调方法大多结构单一导致性能受限且对于重叠谱和畸变谱的测量精度欠佳，限制了解调精度的提升。高精度波长解调方法主要解决系统温度稳定性差和寻峰精度低等问题。文章介绍了光通信中光纤光栅波长解调技术的应用，综述了近几年高精度光纤光栅波长解调方法，包括参考光纤光栅、迈克尔逊干涉仪和气室的硬件方法，以及基于神经网络和基于粒子群的软件方法；阐述了每种解调方法的原理以及在光纤光栅传感领域应用时的优缺点，分析了光纤光栅解调方法存在的问题及发展趋势。

The self-heterodyne detection Brillouin optical time domain reflectometer (BOTDR) system using broad-band laser is proposed to reduce coherent Rayleigh noise and improve the system performance. Compared with the system with narrow-band laser, the stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) threshold can be improved by about 3 dB. The experi-mental results of the narrow-band laser measurements for three times independently and the broad-band laser meas-urement for one time are compared. The root-mean-square (RMS) errors of Brillouin linewidth for two systems with narrow-band laser and broad-band laser are 6.9 MHz and 2.7 MHz, respectively, and the RMS errors of temperature for the heated fiber are about 1.3 °C and 0.7 °C. With the broad-band laser, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the un-heated fiber is approximately equivalent to that of the integrated three independent Brillouin signals for the narrow-band laser, and the results are believed to be beneficial for performance improvement and measurement time reduc-tion.

Aiming at the problem of large fading noise in Rayleigh Brillouin optical time domain analysis system, a wavelength scanning technique is proposed to enhance the performance of the temperature sensing system. The principle of the proposed technique to reduce the fading noise is introduced based on the analysis of Rayleigh Brillouin optical time domain analysis system. The experimental results show that the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the end of optical fiber with length of 50 m after 17 times wavelength scanning is 5.21 dB higher than that with single wavelength, the Brillouin frequency shift (BFS) on the heated fiber with length of 70 m inserted at the center of sensing fiber can be accurately measured as 0.19 MHz, which is equivalent to a measurement accuracy of 0.19 °C. It indicates that the proposed tech-nique can realize high-accuracy temperature measurement and has huge potential in the field of long-distance and high-accuracy sensing.

The application of Golay pulse coding technique in spontaneous Brillouin-based distributed temperature sensor based on self-heterodyne detection of Rayleigh and Brillouin scattering is theoretically and experimentally analyzed. The enhancement of system signal to noise ratio (SNR) and reduction of temperature measurement error provided by coding are characterized. By using 16-bit Golay coding, SNR can be improved by about 2.77 dB, and temperature measurement error of the 100 m heated fiber is reduced from 1.4 °C to 0.5 °C with a spatial resolution of 13 m. The results are believed to be beneficial for the performance improvement of self-heterodyne detection Brillouin optical time domain reflectometer.